The Spacing Circle in double stub matching
In double stub matching the two stubs are spaced a predetermined distance away from each other. These distances are typically λ/8, λ/4, 3λ/8, 5λ/8 etc. Knowing what we know about a length of line acting as a transformer, we know that the length of line between the two stubs acts as a transformer. The action of this transformer is to convert the admittance at the position of stub 2 to a different admittance at the position of stub 1. So we start from the position of stub 2.
In order that stub 2 can be finally used to match the line admittance, the real part of the admittance at the position of stub 2, on the line, has to be 1.0 (normalized value). Its susceptance is then jB. jB is the susceptance that is cancelled using stub 2 to ultimately get the matching to the line admittance. The admittance at the position of stub 2, (without the stub) lies on the constant conductance, g = 1 circle. The admittances on the g = 1 circle are all the possible admittances at the stub 2 position for a match to take place.
To reiterate, as a result of these deliberations, that some point of the VSWR circle formed by the position of stub 2, must intersect the g=1 or the unity conductance circle on the Smith Chart.
We also conclude, that the admittance at the position of the first stub, must lie on
a circle of equal radius but having its center rotated (moved to or displaced) by the spacing between the stubs towards the load. Lets call this spacing ‘d’.
This circle is called the spacing circle.
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The input interface.
The frequency divider has a differential analog interface. The following parameters apply:
The minimum frequency that can be input is 500 Mhz and the maximum frequency is 6.0 Ghz.
The RF input level is 5 dBm to – 5 dBm. For lower frequencies make sure that the slew rate is
greater than 560 V/us. The input is biased by two 500 Ohm resistors connected to a 1.6V DC bias.
Therefore AC coupling is used at the input. These are two 100pF capacitors.
The output interface.
The output is single ended. The output driver is capable of sourcing and sinking 24 mA. The
equivalent output impedance is 50 Ohm. To avoid reflections it is recommended that the divider
work into a 50 Ohm load.
General operation.
The inputs are applied to the input SMA I/O. The product will work with both a differential input as
well as a single ended input. However, a differential input works best. The division ratio is applied
to the N1 and N2 control inputs as follows:
N2 N1 Division ratio
0 0 8
0 1 16
1 0 32
1 1 64
The logic levels are:
Logic level Voltage
1 1.4V minimum
0 0.6V maximum
The supply voltage interface.
The operating supply voltage is 3.3V typical. The quiescent (DC) operating supply current is 2 mA.
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RF Switch typical features
Supply voltage = Vcc = 0/+5 Vdc
Operatng temperature = TA = -50° C to 125 Deg C
Operating impedance = 50 Ohm
Input power for 1 dB
compression ( 5.0V system) = 37 dBm ( f = 0.5 to 3 Ghz)
Input third order Intercept = 64 dBm ( 0 to 5.0V system, f = 0.5 to 3 Ghz)
Operating frequency range = DC to 3 Ghz.
Insertion loss DC to 3 Ghz = 0.8 dB
Isolation DC to 3 Ghz = 14 dB minimum
Return loss DC to 3 Ghz = 20 dB
50% contl to 10/90 %
( ON/OFF) = 120 ns
Summary Specifications
Gain, Operating: 19.5 dB
Operating frequency range: 1.0 – 2700 Mhz
OIP3: (Pout = 19.0 dBm), -8.5 dBm
P1dB: 4.6 dBm
N.F: 4.2 dB
Supply voltage Operating: 3.3 – 5.5 Volts
Price: single unit $7.50, 100 units : $5:50.
Free delivery, shipping lead time 2 days.
30 day return policy, buyer ships.
Supply current Supply = 5.0V, 23.0 mA
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